A State has similar rights to its internal waters as it does to its land. Waters which are located on the landward side of a country’s baselines. The high seas are common to all humankind. The area of the ocean where no country may claim maritime rights. Other notable fields in the Timor Sea include Bayu-Undan, Laminaria, Corallina, Buffalo, Kitan, Elang and Kakatua. The Greater Sunrise field is comprised of the Sunrise field and Troubadour field. The largest known oil and gas reserve in the Timor Sea. Within that zone, States have the right to exploit living and non-living resources in the seabed, subsoil and water column, including petroleum resources and fisheries. The Exclusive Economic Zone extends up to 200 nautical miles from a State’s baselines. An equidistance line has the same meaning as a median line. For example, if two countries agree to a maritime boundary which follows an equidistance line, that boundary is exactly in the middle of both countries (note that it might curve or turn sharply to reflect the two countries’ coastlines and so that the line is exactly equidistant from both coasts at all points along the line). This case is different to the Timor Sea Treaty Arbitration.Įquidistance line (of a maritime boundary)Ī continuous line which is equidistant (that is, halfway) between two opposite or adjacent coasts. The case was later discontinued by Timor-Leste after Australia returned the documents. In a provisional measures order (which is not a final order), the majority of the International Court of Justice judges said that Australia should seal the documents (and not look at them) and that Australia should not interfere with Timor-Leste’s communications with its lawyers. Timor-Leste argued that the documents should not have been seized. Australia alleged that the material contained classified information. In 2013, Australian security agents took a number of documents from one of Timor-Leste’s lawyers in Canberra, Australia. This case was between Australia and Timor-Leste and it was heard before the International Court of Justice. Australia has recognised continental shelf claims beyond its 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone in certain parts of its coastline. In some cases (for instance where there are no overlapping claims by another State), a State can claim an extended continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles where there is a ‘natural prolongation’ of the shelf. Under UNCLOS, a coastal State is entitled to a continental shelf which extends to at least 200 nautical miles from a State’s baselines. The continental shelf comprises the seabed and subsoil beneath it. This means that Timor-Leste cannot ask the International Court of Justice or International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to make a binding determination of a maritime boundary between Australia and Timor-Leste.Ī term used in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to describe a country which has a coast.Ī procedure under UNCLOS in which a panel of conciliators assists State parties to reach an amicable settlement of their dispute. Australia ‘carved out’ this jurisdiction under the convention two months before Timor-Leste’s restoration of independence day in 2002.
The term often used to describe when a State withdraws from the compulsory dispute resolution procedures under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. ‘Carve out’ (of maritime boundary jurisdiction) Indonesia is an example of an Archipelagic State – waters between the main islands in Indonesia are treated as internal waters under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.Ī group of islands and interconnecting waters which are so close to each other so as to be considered to be a single entity, such as Indonesia. Generally, archipelagic baselines are not used in maritime boundary delimitation between States. If a country is considered an Archipelagic State under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, it may use straight archipelagic baselines on the outer limit of its main islands, to measure the breadth of its territorial sea. Coasts which are next to each other, such as the coasts of West Timor (Indonesia) and the mainland of Timor-Leste.
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